Ransomware note example

Ransomware note example. Ransomware generally works by gaining access to a computer system as a Trojan horse virus and encrypting the system’s files so that they cannot be accessed without a decryption key ( see also computer virus ). In one confirmed compromise, the actors used Rclone—an open-source program to manage files on cloud storage—to exfiltrate data to a dedicated virtual private server (VPS). After activating the ransomware executable on the victim’s machine, the actor drops the ransom note file called “How To Restore Your Files. Small collection of Ransomware organized by family. Mar 17, 2024 · ransomware, malicious software ( malware) that permanently blocks access to data or devices until the owner of the data pays a ransom. Shifting away from “big-game” hunting in the United States. Hackers then demand that victims pay a ransom to get everything back. Aug 28, 2021 · Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on your computer or locks your device and demands a ransom in exchange for decryption. iso [Phobos] ransomware): If your data happens to be encrypted by ransomware that is not supported by ID Ransomware, you can always try searching the internet by using certain keywords (for example, a ransom message title, file extension, provided contact emails, crypto wallet addresses, etc. It works by locking up or encrypting your files so you can no longer access them. Also referred to as data kidnapping, crypto ransomware targets essential data without interfering with the operating system. Send out an email to your employees pretending to be a hacker. The new ALPHV ransomware operation, aka BlackCat, launched last month and could be the most sophisticated ransomware of the year, with a highly-customizable feature set allowing for attacks on Jun 16, 2023 · The ID Ransomware tool is an easy-to-use, open-source solution that can help users quickly identify the ransomware type they’re dealing with. The second note is written in a polite tone, similar to notes dropped by BitPaymer ransomware, which adds to the mystery. BlackCat utilizes a unique onion domain with a victim-specific access key for the victim to use to learn more about the attack, their data, and what the threat actors want the victim to do next. Proven Data experts created a free ransomware identification tool to help victims identify the ransomware type on their machines. Save the code below inside the file 3. REvil, also known as Sodinokibi, emerged as a prolific ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation based in Russia. Groenewegen et al. They only release the data when they receive a ransom payment. A ransomware attack can therefore target both individuals and companies. HC3: Analyst Note May 25, 2021 TLP: White Report: 202105251512 Overview of Conti Ransomware . S. Organizations most vulnerable to ransomware attacks hold sensitive data, such as personal information, financial data, and intellectual property. abcd extension – The original version of LockBit adds the “. As the FBI Feb 26, 2024 · Malware of this type usually encrypts and renames files and provides a ransom note. Crypto Ransomware or Encryptors. Feb 19, 2024 · Ransomware is a type of malware attack in which the attacker locks and encrypts the victim’s data, important files and then demands a payment to unlock and decrypt the data. More ransomware examples are Jenny, Lux, and Yanluowang. Cybercriminals use ransomware as a tool to steal data and essentially hold it hostage. Dec 2, 2021 · Part of your ransomware awareness email campaign could be a simulation of an attempt. It is important to record important details about the ransomware attack to help you: ask for help from a professional. Jul 26, 2021 · Frequently Update Your Operating System and Software: Keeping your operating system and software up to date can prevent ransomware. Try to open Test_PDF_File. Here are a few of the most common and most dangerous variants from the last decade. Others might hijack your entire screen with a full-page warning, complete with sinister imagery and alarming countdown timers. Ransomware is a form of malware that, usually using encryption, blocks or limits access to data until a ransom is paid. ID Ransomware is, and always will be, a free service to the public. The Brotherhood. abcd” extension to the encrypted files. Aug 31, 2023 · Zcryptor was one of the first examples of a cryptoworm, a hybrid computer worm and ransomware. Nov 3, 2023 · Below are some of the most notable variants to watch out for: Variant 1: . As such, Ryuk variants arrive on systems pre-infected with other malware—a “triple threat” attack methodology. Depending on the type of ransomware, either the entire operating system or individual files are encrypted. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that infects a victim’s computer or network and encrypts their files or restricts access to their system. Mar 7, 2024 · Create a ransomware note; Here's an example of a ransomware note. The ransomware establishes a foothold on a device or network. RA Group uses customized ransom notes, including the victim’s name and a unique link to download the exfiltration proofs. On a bi-weekly basis, FortiGuard Labs gathers data on ransomware variants of interest that have been gaining traction within our datasets and the OSINT community. Figure 1 shows the proportion of ransomware sample numbers for different families that Unit 42 detected in the wild. Typically ransomware starts on Workstations (desktops and Laptops) but may propagate to Servers. By Magno Logan, Erika Mendoza, Ryan Maglaque, and Nikko Tamaña. Ransomware is a type of malicious software, or malware, that threatens a victim by destroying or blocking access to critical data or systems until a ransom is paid. Figure 2: Sample of Akira ransomware note Dec 12, 2019 · There was a time when Ryuk ransomware arrived on clean systems to wreak havoc. If you update to the latest security fixes, you will benefit from having them. This ransom note explains the infection and provides contact information. 10:32 AM. This type of attack takes advantage of human, system, network, and software vulnerabilities to infect the victim’s device—which can be a computer, printer, smartphone Dec 18, 2023 · The FBI is seeking any information that can be shared, to include boundary logs showing communication to and from foreign IP addresses, a sample ransom note, communications with Play ransomware actors, Bitcoin wallet information, decryptor files, and/or a benign sample of an encrypted file. Both the encrypted file extension and the email address for contacting attackers use the victim’s name. Some ransomware will be able to move laterally across Jul 9, 2021 · Ransomware is a considerably more lucrative business model. encrypted. Execute code using any execution tactic, usually leveraging multiple techniques to evade Jan 18, 2024 · 1. PCs and business computer systems alike are vulnerable to ransomware. Jan 5, 2023 · Note: While this ransomware is known by industry as “Cuba ransomware,” there is no indication Cuba ransomware actors have any connection or affiliation with the Republic of Cuba. Use the PowerShell “Get-FileHash” cmdlet to get the SHA-256 hash value of the malware file (s). 2 bitcoin was paid to the attackers; after four days, the ransom increased to 5 bitcoin. Ransomware continues the trend of targeted attacks but with the added challenge of double extortion. txt to see if data is present. This most common strain of ransomware is known as crypto ransomware. The most high-profile attack that Maze ever committed was against the IT service provider Cognizant in 2020, causing damage of about 60 million US dollars. Nov 15, 2023 · Ransomware is a type of cyberattack in which malware infiltrates a computer system and encrypts the data or gains control of the computer. Ransomware. Create a yar file format, for example: OnionLinks. Identifying ransomware – a basic distinction must be made. For instance, screen locker ransomware blocks access to the system by overlaying the display with a ransom note window, prompting the user to make a payment to get control over the machine back. docx. Conti leverages many of the tools and techniques common among Dec 1, 2021 · Static and dynamic analysis can reveal the traits of ransomware notes. Cybercriminals might also demand a ransom to prevent data and intellectual property from being leaked or sold online. Report: 202301041300. In 2017, Bad Rabbit ransomware conducted a series of drive-by attacks in Russia and Ukraine. make a report to the ASD's ACSC through ReportCyber. g. Examples of files encrypted by Mallox ransomware, as detected by Cortex XDR (set to detect-only mode). However, it was found in a state Jun 10, 2021 · RansomEXX is a highly targeted attack. Ransomware is a type of malicious software, or malware, that prevents you from accessing your computer files, systems, or networks and demands you pay a ransom for their return Note: Refer to the Contact Information section at the end of this guide for details on how to report and notify about ransomware incidents. ” Dec 21, 2023 · The ransomware, upon infection, encrypted files with the “akira” extension, created a ransom note named “akira_readme. Ransomware is extortion software that can lock your computer and then demand a ransom for its release. It encrypts any files it finds. Organizations using Kaseya’s IT management software downloaded a malicious update that infected their computers with ransomware. For example: Use your database’s audit engine to save historical database activity data. Now the ransomware does the encrypting of the victim’s files. The ransomware will have been deployed to all your endpoints and any servers that were online at the time of attack – providing that is what the attacker wanted. Scope. In many cases, the ransom demand comes with a deadline. If the ransom payment is not made, the threat actor publishes the data Nov 20, 2023 · A new Phobos ransomware variant frames the popular VX-Underground malware-sharing collective, indicating the group is behind attacks using the encryptor. Follow notification requirements as outlined in your cyber incident response and communications plan to engage internal and external teams and stakeholders with an understanding of what they can provide to Oct 26, 2022 · Figure 4: Example 2 of Daixin Team Ransomware Note In addition to deploying ransomware, Daixin actors have exfiltrated data [ TA0010 ] from victim systems. Historically, most ransomware targeted individuals, but more recently, human-operated ransomware, which targets organizations, has become the larger and more Feb 9, 2022 · In October 2021, Conti ransomware actors began selling access to victims’ networks, enabling follow-on attacks by other cyber threat actors. txt. The Bitdefender Ransomware Recognition Tool analyses the ransom note and the encrypted file samples to identify the strain of ransomware and suggest a decryption tool based on indicators of Aug 11, 2022 · A note file with a ransom note is left on compromised systems, frequently on the desktop (see figure 1 below). Jun 14, 2023 · SUMMARY. (optional) Add additional files which you would like to encrypt into the Ransomware-Script-main folder. Encryption is the process of scrambling data so that it cannot be read except by parties who have the encryption key, which they can use to reverse the encryption. Jan 8, 2019 · Ryuk “polite” ransom note. A ransom, usually in the form of cryptocurrency, is demanded to restore access to the files. You can use it with SureBackup or with ScanBackup to test the restore point that raised 'Ransomware note' event. py and test_file. Note where the malware was located on the infected system, note this as an IoC. (2020) performed static and dynamic behaviour analysis to identify the traits of the NEFILIM ransomware strain that targets Windows machines. Ransomware attacks have caused massive, social disruptions—just think about the long lines at gas stations on the East Coast of the United States after the Colonial Pipeline attack—but very expensive attacks, as well. They found that if a NEFILIM sample is executed with administrative privileges Ransom malware, or ransomware, is a type of malware that prevents users from accessing their system or personal files and demands ransom payment in order to regain access. They found that if a NEFILIM sample is executed with administrative privileges Sep 26, 2022 · A ransomware attack is defined as a form of malware attack in which an attacker seizes the user’s data, folders, or entire device until a ‘ransom’ fee is paid. Oct 19, 2023 · Ransomware comes in many variations, but at its heart, ransomware is designed to lock you out of your system and revoke access to files. Zcryptor encrypted files until a ransom of 1. Remove the ransomware. 3. Bad Rabbit drive-by attacks affect media outlets, metro systems, and airports in Europe. The first is a text ransom note named Jul 20, 2021 · Editor’s Note: On July 20, Kemba Walden, Assistant General Counsel, Digital Crimes Unit, Microsoft, testified before the House Energy and Commerce Committee’s Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations for a hearing “Stopping Digital Thieves: The Growing Threat of Ransomware. ransomware. The Royal ransomware is a 64-bit executable that is written in C++ and targets window systems. Jan 22, 2024 · In 2019, the Maze ransomware started spreading via spam emails, RDP attacks, and exploit kits, becoming one of the first examples of the double extortion model. ” Read Kemba Walden’s written testimony below and watch the hearing here. However, businesses have become the main target over the past few Jan 30, 2023 · The most common types of ransomware include: 1. While early ransomware used easily-reversible encryption, today’s Sep 29, 2022 · September 29, 2022. Ransomware is a type of malware that locks and encrypts a victim's data, files, devices or systems, rendering them inaccessible and unusable until the attacker receives a ransom payment. MySQL’s enterprise audit plugin; PostgreSQL PGAudit extension; Look for anomalies that deviate from the standard behavior of the DB or its users, such as: Jan 27, 2022 · Figure 4. tell your family, colleagues or authorities that there has been an Dec 9, 2021 · 0. 0. The ransomware threat has evolved. This will help you identify who isn’t paying attention to the helpful content you’re sending because they aren’t following the precautions. CryptoLocker. A ransom is then demanded from the Feb 3, 2021 · 2020’s Catch-22. The malware first gains access to the device. Organizations need to be one step ahead of such coercive tactics to avoid potential disruptions, financial losses, and reputational damage. Preserve a copy of the malware file (s) in a password protected zip file. In the first half of 2021, cybersecurity authorities in the United States and Australia observed ransomware threat actors targeting “big Ransomware is a form of malware. make an insurance, bank or legal claim that may follow after the attack. For example, a ransomware attack on a hospital might lock out doctors or administrators from accessing patient records they need on a continual basis. The variant encrypts files within a system, rendering them inaccessible without a decryption key. The WannaCry ransomware attack was a worldwide cyberattack in May 2017 by the WannaCry ransomware cryptoworm, which targeted computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system by encrypting data and demanding ransom payments in the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. docx” might become “MyReport. Conti ransomware has recently been brought back into the spotlight due to its attack on Ireland’s national health system - the Health Service Executive (HSE). Executive Summary . Additional ransomware resources. However, it’s been verified by VG24/7 that you only need to run the game for three seconds. Encryption. Conti Ransomware Analyst Note. - UIM-SEC/ransomware-samples. May 15, 2023 · Example of full victim’s data file list for download. 1. BlackCat. This is the ransom in the attack, and it can range from hundreds of dollars for an individual to millions Report. Chairman DeGette, Ranking Member Jul 28, 2021 · This demonstrates the diversity of ransomware and emphasizes how difficult it is to expand ransomware detection coverage with static profiling. Example of Mallox Nov 30, 2021 · As shown in Figure 6, a variety of security controls, layered throughout your networks, can enhance your ability to defend against ransomware. Use the information in the ransom note (e. 2. Those examples are getting more common, too. [5] It propagated by using EternalBlue, an exploit developed by the United States A ransomware attack in the context of this playbook is one where one or more university-owned devices have been infected with malware that has encrypted files, and a ransom demand has been issued. Since January 2020, affiliates using LockBit have attacked organizations of varying sizes across an array of critical infrastructure sectors, including financial services, food and agriculture, education, energy, government and emergency services, healthcare, manufacturing Sep 27, 2021 · In this animated story, two professionals discuss ransomware attacks and the impacts it can have on small businesses. Ransomware attacks target individuals, businesses, and government agencies, and can result in the loss of sensitive data or critical information. The following example URL highlights the notation used by BlackCat Jan 19, 2022 · The first piece of advice from federal agencies is simple: Don’t pay ransomware hackers, Nix said at the recent EmTech CyberSecure conference hosted by MIT Technology Review. Since the release of the December 2021 FBI Flash, the number of U. Ransomware is a type of cryptovirological malware that permanently blocks access to the victim's personal data unless a ransom is paid. Dollars (USD) or higher. 7% of the ransomware samples are Virlock, which has been active since 2014. Royal is an Jan 23, 2024 · Figure 10 below shows the encryptor’s ransom note. However, they also have a set of unique capabilities which make them especially noteworthy. Typically, the victim receives a decryption key once payment is made to restore access to their files. In 2022, LockBit was the most deployed ransomware variant across the world and continues to be prolific in 2023. The threat actors then shifted their operation into a Dec 17, 2021 · 50 Examples of Ransomware Attacks. Jul 30, 2014 · Cyber Extortion: Related to Ransomware. . Analysis of Encryption Schemes in Modern Ransomware link. Victims received a ransom note informing them that their files had been encrypted. The main differences between ransomware attacks are the prices of decryption tools, cryptographic algorithms (symmetric or asymmetric) used to encrypt files, and extensions appended to filenames. Oct 19, 2023 · Insertion of ransomware note’s keywords. In recent years, one of the most common Linux ransomware in the world is Tycoon. 10. Yes, you read that right. These #StopRansomware advisories include recently and historically observed tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and indicators of Dec 28, 2023 · Ransomware Roundup - 8base. Definition. Tycoon. The Ransomware Roundup report aims to provide readers with brief insights into the evolving ransomware landscape and the Fortinet solutions that protect Mar 11, 2024 · From Petya and NotPetya to Locky, CryptoLocker, and Bad Rabbit, there are dozens of examples of ransomware families. For example, in Jaunary of 2024, Observe any files created or modified by the malware, note these as IoCs. BlackCat (also known as Noberus or ALPHV) is a ransomware variant offered as part of one of the most sophisticated Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operations in the global cybercriminal ecosystem. Crypto Ransomware. While some simple ransomware may lock the system without damaging any files, more advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion. Conti leverages many of the tools and techniques common among major ransomware operators such as encryption, double-extortion via the use of a leak site HC3: Analyst Note January 04, 2023. Warning! This repository contains samples of ransomware. A ransomware gang is taking extortion to a new level by publicly hacking corporate websites to publicly display ransom notes. Figure 10 is an example of one of these ransom notes. Since ransomware is a common threat for small businesses, this video provides an example of how ransomware attacks can happen—along with how to stay prepared, get helpful information, and find support from NIST’s Small Business Cybersecurity Corner website. ” a Colonial Pipeline employee saw a ransom note on a computer screen. Similarities with Hermes Apr 19, 2016 · PUBG Ransomware screenshot example: PUBG ransomware doesn’t ask for any money, just that you play PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds for one hour in exchange for a decryption key. They follow many of the typical practices including infection vectors, ransom note (see figure 2 for a sample), data exfiltration and double extortion and maintaining a name-and-shame dark web site. It is currently a personal project that I have created to help guide victims to reliable information on a ransomware that may have infected their system. This type of malware blocks basic computer functions. Victims that had regular backups were able Apr 6, 2018 · You decide which one, for yourself, after reading the most eloquent Ransomware ever seen, which BleepingComputer acquired: The singing of the sparrows, the breezes of the northern mountains and smell of the earth that was raining in the morning filled the entire garden space. Next, the malware reaches out to the attackers to let them know they have infected a victim and to get the cryptographic keys that the ransomware needs to encrypt the victim’s data. txt” in every folder, which contains the instructions for both payment and data recovery. In early 2023, Avast released a decryptor for BianLian's encryptor, which ultimately caused the group to cease most of its encryption activity. Each sample of the malware contains a hardcoded name of the victim’s organization. Ransomware is malware that restricts access to a computer system or its data until a ransom is paid. Some notes are loaded with technical jargon, while others aim for simplicity. Note: Some cyber security controls identified in Figure 6 can be applied at various stages or areas within your network and systems. Other than direct development and signature additions to the website itself, it is an overall community effort. Attack Types, Examples, Detection, and Prevention. This new extortion strategy is being practice amongst ransomware operators. “I want to say point blank, you're going to hear every single federal law enforcement [agency] say, ‘Do not pay the ransom,’” Nix said. Dec 4, 2023 · An analysis of a new "Turtle" ransomware by Patrick Wardle of Objective-See details one sample of macOS malware that had all of the component parts of ransomware. It targeted media outlets and even transportation services like the metro system and airports. With these, you can quickly recover deleted or changed files stored on a network. But new strains observed in the wild now belong to a multi-attack campaign that involves Emotet and TrickBot. ). Mallox leaves a ransom note in every directory on the victim’s drive. Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that threatens to publish or blocks access to data or a computer system, usually by encrypting it, until the victim pays a ransom fee to the attacker. The first iterations of ransomware used only encryption to prevent victims from accessing their files and systems. This can be done in a variety of ways. Ransomware, an advanced form of cyberattack, is one of the biggest threats that security teams around the world are facing. In March, for example, Taiwanese computer manufacturer Acer was a victim of the Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data where the attacker demands for a “ransom”, or payment, in order to restore access to files and network. Download the zip file, and extract it. 03:01 PM. In most cases, ransomware infection occurs as follows. Topics malware ransomware malware-analysis malware-samples malware-development ransomware-resources ransomware-decryption ransomware-builder Oct 25, 2018 · Provided below are three examples of ransom notes: NotAHero. Ransomware defined. Oct 11, 2023 · Note: This joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) is part of an ongoing #StopRansomware effort to publish advisories for network defenders that detail various ransomware variants and ransomware threat actors. Clop was a highly used ransomware in the market and typically targeted organizations with a revenue of $5 million U. Example of a ransom note generated by a BianLian encryptor first seen in April 2023. Key information from Microsoft: The growing threat of ransomware, Microsoft On the Issues blog post on July 20, 2021; Human-operated ransomware; Rapidly protect against ransomware and extortion; 2021 Microsoft Digital Defense Report (see pages 10-19) Mar 4, 2022 · The biggest ransomware attack on record occurred on July 2, 2021, when the REvil gang hit software company Kaseya. One interesting aspect of this ransomware is that it drops more than one note on the system. The ransomware works to delete all Volume Shadow Copies, which provides a point-in-time copy of a file. This will result in cybercriminals having a harder time finding vulnerable software. yar View code ransomware-notes Bitpaymer Buran Cerber Chacha CryptXXX DeathRansom \ Wacatac Dharma Gandcrab Jigsaw Lockergoga Locky Maze Megacortex Mircop PureLocker Revil (Sodinokibi) Robbinhood Ryuk Samsam Snatch Vegalocker Wannacry Dec 11, 2023 · Here's a sample YARA rule to look for onion links. Clop Ransomware Executive Summary Clop operates under the Ransomware-as-service (RaaS) model, and it was first observed in 2019. For example, you may be denied access to the desktop, while the mouse and keyboard Ransomware is a common and dangerous type of malware. February 03, 2021. entities compromised by Cuba ransomware has doubled, with ransoms demanded and paid on the May 2, 2022 · Ransomware is a piece of software that generally implements the following techniques in order: Initial access can be done in multiple ways, usually phishing, leveraging valid accounts on externally open services or by exploiting public-facing services. Figure 1: Sample Ransom Note The FBI has observed instances where Zeppelin actors executed their malware multiple times within a victim’s network, resulting in the creation of different IDs or file extensions, for each instance of an Published papers. Identify the type of ransomware. Figure 10. This note was later changed to Royal in September 2022. It encrypts the victim's files, making them inaccessible, and Aug 16, 2021 · Ransomware is a type of virus or malware designed to disable critical systems or prevent sensitive data access until a specified amount of money is paid. txt” on impacted devices, and deleted the Volume Shadow copies. REvil (Sodinokibi). For example, Groenewegen et al. In particular, two types of ransomware are very popular: Locker ransomware. You can immediately request help as well after ID the ransomware variant. Encyrptors are one of the most well-known and damaging variants. Security Key Exchange. yar 2. Note that, technically, this last example is not ransomware (a type of malicious software), but rather a demand for ransom for compromised customer data. HC3: Analyst Note February 7, 2024 TLP:CLEAR Report: 202402071200 Due to the nature of their operations, ransomware operators are enticed by data storage – both in-house and outsourced – and this can be seen in some of the more recent targeting by Akira. If you locate a decryption tool online, proceed to Step 3. Jun 18, 2023 · Ransomware notes can be as straightforward as a plain text file dropped into a folder with encrypted files. ” The ransom notes are often displayed prominently in multiple places, adding to the chaos and stress. Dec 9, 2022 · Example 1 (Qewe [Stop/Djvu] ransomware): Example 2 (. ZENIS ransomware screenshot example: Jun 17, 2020 · 2. This article aims to give a comprehensive understanding of what a ransomware attack is, its types, encryption techniques, and best practices to prevent and protect from a ransomware attack. This type encrypts the files and data within a system, making the content inaccessible without a decryption key. It displays a message demanding payment to decrypt the files. It then leaves a ransom note named “Restore-My-Files. based on a sample of incident reports submitted to the Sep 24, 2021 · Static and dynamic analysis can reveal the traits of ransomware notes. The scripts should be in the Ransomware-Script-main folder. Jul 20, 2023 · Figure 9. It self-duplicated to copy itself onto external connected devices and networks. While some people might think “a virus locked my computer,” ransomware would typically be classified as a different form of malware than a virus. TLP:CLEAR. listed URLs) and the new file extensions your encrypted files inherited, to research possible reoccurring attacks and identify the ransomware. Ryuk “not-so-polite” ransom note. The three notes, despite pertaining to infections caused by three separate ransomware samples, share a similar vocabulary and carry out the first two or all three of the objectives previously mentioned. Sep 18, 2021 · For example, “MyReport. A ransomware operation named Royal is quickly ramping up, targeting corporations with ransom demands ranging from $250,000 to over $2 million. Among all, 6. An example of a BlackCat ransom note dropped on a compromised system. Sep 5, 2022 · In a typical ransomware attack, the hacker will offer to decrypt your files for a price. Ransomware spreads through phishing attacks, infected Jul 14, 2023 · Step 1: Record important details. For example, logging and alerting and network segmentation are applied Jun 2, 2022 · June 2, 2022. has been used in operations since November 2021. The attacker then demands a ransom payment from the victim in exchange for restoring access to the data or system. sx vs do fh vi dr bp ho zx sk